The spinal column consists of 33 interlocking bones known as the vertebrae. Between these vertebrae, spongy-like cushions called intervertebral discs function as ligaments and shock absorbers. A herniated disc is caused by trauma or injury to a disc which results in disc protrusion. This injury is a common health problem people face as they age, but sudden motions, jarring movements, and strains can also lead to a herniated disc.

Common symptoms include pain in the neck or upper back area, weakness in the hands or arms, numbness or tingling in the shoulders or arms, loss of balance or coordination, difficulty using the hands or arms, and tingling sensations that run down the body and into the legs.